Biomarkers of treatment response

Acute and preventive treatments play a substantial role in reducing migraine-associated burden. Currently, treatment choices rely on trial and error, subjecting patients to multiple medication trials with potential side effects but often without improvement. In the era of precision medicine, reliable predictors of treatment response are crucial to tailor treatments to individual needs. Clinical characteristics, neuropeptide levels in saliva and serum, neurophysiological features, and neuroimaging patterns of migraine patients have been explored as potential predictors of treatment response, but evidence is sparse. The challenges include heterogeneity among the study populations and the diverse definitions of treatment response among different studies, hampering generalization. Therefore, further research is needed to advance precision medicine in migraine treatment.