Combination effect of FInerenone and EmpaglifloziN in participants with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes using a UACR Endpoint (CONFIDENCE) trial: Baseline clinical characteristics

Background Finerenone, a selective nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) both reduce chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and improve kidney/cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. The CONFIDENCE (COmbinatioN effect of FInerenone anD EmpaglifloziN in participants with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes using a UACR Endpoint) study (NCT05254002; EudraCT 2021-003037-11) hypothesis is that early combination of finerenone and...

IA-2A positivity increases risk of progression within and across established stages of type 1 diabetes

Aims/hypothesis: Accurate understanding of type 1 diabetes risk is critical for optimisation of counselling, monitoring and interventions, yet even within established staging classifications, individual time to clinical disease varies. Previous work has associated IA-2A positivity with increased type 1 diabetes progression but a comprehensive assessment of the impact of screening for IA-2A positivity across the natural history of autoantibody positivity has not been performed. We asked whethe...

Metabolic Phenotype of Stage 1 and Stage 2 Type 1 Diabetes Using Modeling of β Cell Function

Background: Staging preclinical type 1 diabetes (T1D) and monitoring the response to disease-modifying treatments rely on the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). However, it is unknown whether OGTT-derived measures of beta cell function can detect subtle changes in metabolic phenotype, thus limiting their usability as endpoints in prevention trials. Objective: To describe the metabolic phenotype of people with Stage 1 and Stage 2 T1D using metabolic modelling of β cell function. Methods: We c...

Type 1 diabetes screening: need for ethical, equity, and health systems perspective