Sleep disorder, Mediterranean Diet and learning performance among nursing students: InSOMNIA, a cross-sectional study

Background. The International Classification of Sleep disorders, the International Classification of Diseases and the Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders defines insomnia as an experience of insufficient or poor sleep quality, characterized by at least one of the following symptoms: difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep, early awakenings and poor restorative sleep. In Italy, the Morfeo 1 study detects a prevalence of 20% of insomnia and a 40% of cases with day-time symptoms. The chronic sleep deprivation is responsible for cognitive disorders with effects on social life. Being common knowledge, lifestyle can also influence sleep. Some of the "sleep hygiene rules" involve a control on smoking, coffee consumption and diet. The Mediterranean Diet (MD), thanks to its high level of tryptophan, has a positive influence on sleep and can protect against stress and anxiety. Study design. The aim of InSOMNIA study was to determine the prevalence of sleep disorders among nursing students of the University of Perugia and, therefore, to evaluate how lifestyle, eating habits, health status and academics performance are linked to night-time and daytime symptoms of the interrupted sleep. Methods. We adopted a cross sectional survey, collecting data from "Sleep and Daytime Habits Questionnaire" to evaluate the sleep disorders and from PREDIMED questionnaire to assess the adherence to MD. Results. We found a statistical significant association between PREDIMED score and BMI (p-value = 0.0127), smoking habit (p-value = 0.0125), quality of life (p-value = 0.0480) and academic progress (p-value = 0.0092). Conclusions. We found a high prevalence of sleep disturbances statistically associated with diet and poor academic progress. © 2018 Societa Editrice Universo.

Background. Sepsis is the major cause of mortality from any infectious disease worldwide. Sepsis may be the result of a healthcare associated infection (HAI): the most frequent adverse events during care delivery especially in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The main aim of the present study was to describe the epidemiology of ICU-acquired sepsis and related outcomes among patients enrolled in the framework of the Italian Nosocornial Infections Surveillance in ICUs - SPIN-UTI project.Study design. Prospective multicenter study.Methods. The SPIN-UTI network adopted the European protocols for patient-based HAI surveillance.Results. During the five editions of the SPIN-UTI project, from 2008 to 2017, 47.0% of HAIs has led to sepsis in 832 patients. Overall, 57.0% episodes were classified as sepsis, 20.5% as severe sepsis and 22.5% as septic shock. The most common isolated microorganisms from sepsis episodes were Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa The rase fatality rate increased with the severity of sepsis and the mean length of ICU-stay was significantly higher in patients with ICU-acquired sepsis than in patients without.Conclusions. Our study provides evidence that ICU-acquired sepsis occurs frequently in Italian ICU patients and is associated with a high case fatality rate and increased length of stay. However, in order to explain these findings further analyses are needed in this population of ICU patients.