Background. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual decline in the elderly. Reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) represent a landmark of early/intermediate stages of AMD and they are associated with a higher risk of the AMD progression into geographic atrophy (GA) and/or neovascular AMD. To date, no effective treatments are available for the treatment of RPD. Purpose. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of subthreshold laser treatment in patients with RPD secondary to AMD. Methods. In the first pilot clinical trial, in order to test the safety, 20 eyes (20 patients) with RPD were prospectively enrolled and treated in an extrafoveal area with subthreshold laser treatment (PASCAL Synthesis 577nm). The patients were evaluated also at 1 month and 3 months after laser treatment. In the second multicentric, randomized, prospective clinical trial, 50 eyes (50 patients) with RPD were enrolled in 4 centers and randomized in the treated or sham group. Patients underwent a panmacular subthreshold laser treatment every 3 months for 12 months (long-term follow-up). Results. No topical and/or systemic side effects were disclosed during both studies. Considering the retinal sensitivity (MS) of the whole macular area and of the treated area in the pilot study, no significant changes were reported (p=0.152). A trend of increase in MS was disclosed in the treated group in the long-term follow-up in opposite to the sham group. Interestingly, analyzing the efficacy outcomes using optical coherence tomography, the distribution of RPD among the RPD stages changed after the treatment. This data was suggested by the pilot-study and confirmed in the preliminary data of long-term follow-up. In detail, we observed a significant increase in Stage 1 RPD during the follow-up, associated with a significant reduction of Stage 3 RPD. Furthermore, we also observed a significant thickening of the outer nuclear layer during the follow-up in the pilot study (p=0.001), and no significant changes in long-term follow-up. Conclusions. We reported the safety of subthreshold Pascal Synthesis 577nm in the treatment of RPD secondary to intermediate AMD. The results of the thesis also suggested that subthreshold laser treatment could induce a RPD anatomical regression and, for this reason, may reduce the rate of progression of RPD to late AMD.

Premessa. La degenerazione maculare legata all'età (AMD) è una delle principali cause di calo visivo negli anziani. Le pseudodrusen reticolari (RPD) rappresentano una delle lesioni tipiche degli stadi precoci/intermedi dell'AMD e sono associati a un rischio maggiore di progressione dell'AMD verso l’atrofia geografica (GA) e/o all’AMD neovascolare. Ad oggi, non sono disponibili trattamenti efficaci per il trattamento delle RPD. Scopo. Lo scopo di questa tesi è valutare la sicurezza e l'efficacia del trattamento laser sottosoglia nei pazienti con RPD secondarie ad AMD. Metodi. Nel primo studio clinico pilota, al fine di testare la sicurezza, 20 occhi (20 pazienti) con RPD sono stati arruolati prospetticamente e trattati in un'area extrafoveale con trattamento laser sottosoglia (PASCAL Synthesis 577nm). I pazienti sono stati rivalutati a 1 mese e 3 mesi dopo il trattamento laser. Nel secondo studio clinico multicentrico, randomizzato e prospettico, 50 occhi (50 pazienti) con RPD sono stati arruolati in 4 centri e randomizzati nel gruppo trattato o sham. I pazienti sono stati sottoposti a un trattamento con laser sottosoglia panmaculare ogni 3 mesi per 12 mesi (follow-up a lungo termine). Risultati. Durante entrambi gli studi non sono stati rilevati effetti collaterali topici e/o sistemici. Considerando la sensibilità retinica dell'intera area maculare e dell'area trattata nello studio pilota, non sono state riportate variazioni significative (p=0.152). Una tendenza all'aumento della sensibilità retinica è stata rilevata nel gruppo trattato nel follow-up a lungo termine in contrasto con il gruppo sham. È interessante notare che, analizzando i risultati di efficacia utilizzando la tomografia a coerenza ottica, la distribuzione delle RPD tra gli stadi delle RPD è cambiata dopo il trattamento. Questi dati sono stati suggeriti dallo studio pilota e confermati nei dati preliminari del follow-up a lungo termine. In dettaglio, abbiamo osservato un aumento significativo delle RPD di Stadio 1 durante il follow-up, associato a una riduzione significativa delle RPD di Stadio 3. Inoltre, abbiamo anche osservato un significativo ispessimento dello strato nucleare esterno durante il follow-up nello studio pilota (p=0.001) e nessun cambiamento significativo nel follow-up a lungo termine. Conclusioni. Abbiamo riportato la sicurezza del laser sottosoglia Pascal Synthesis 577nm nel trattamento delle RPD secondarie all'AMD intermedia. I risultati della tesi hanno anche suggerito che il trattamento laser sottosoglia potrebbe indurre una regressione anatomica delle RPD e, per questo motivo, potrebbe ridurre il tasso di progressione delle RPD all'AMD avanzata.

SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF SUBTHRESHOLD LASER IN THE TREATMENT OF RETICULAR PSEUDODRUSEN SECONDARY TO AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION / Riccardo Sacconi , 2022 May 13. 34. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2020/2021.

SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF SUBTHRESHOLD LASER IN THE TREATMENT OF RETICULAR PSEUDODRUSEN SECONDARY TO AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION

SACCONI , RICCARDO
2022-05-13

Abstract

Background. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual decline in the elderly. Reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) represent a landmark of early/intermediate stages of AMD and they are associated with a higher risk of the AMD progression into geographic atrophy (GA) and/or neovascular AMD. To date, no effective treatments are available for the treatment of RPD. Purpose. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of subthreshold laser treatment in patients with RPD secondary to AMD. Methods. In the first pilot clinical trial, in order to test the safety, 20 eyes (20 patients) with RPD were prospectively enrolled and treated in an extrafoveal area with subthreshold laser treatment (PASCAL Synthesis 577nm). The patients were evaluated also at 1 month and 3 months after laser treatment. In the second multicentric, randomized, prospective clinical trial, 50 eyes (50 patients) with RPD were enrolled in 4 centers and randomized in the treated or sham group. Patients underwent a panmacular subthreshold laser treatment every 3 months for 12 months (long-term follow-up). Results. No topical and/or systemic side effects were disclosed during both studies. Considering the retinal sensitivity (MS) of the whole macular area and of the treated area in the pilot study, no significant changes were reported (p=0.152). A trend of increase in MS was disclosed in the treated group in the long-term follow-up in opposite to the sham group. Interestingly, analyzing the efficacy outcomes using optical coherence tomography, the distribution of RPD among the RPD stages changed after the treatment. This data was suggested by the pilot-study and confirmed in the preliminary data of long-term follow-up. In detail, we observed a significant increase in Stage 1 RPD during the follow-up, associated with a significant reduction of Stage 3 RPD. Furthermore, we also observed a significant thickening of the outer nuclear layer during the follow-up in the pilot study (p=0.001), and no significant changes in long-term follow-up. Conclusions. We reported the safety of subthreshold Pascal Synthesis 577nm in the treatment of RPD secondary to intermediate AMD. The results of the thesis also suggested that subthreshold laser treatment could induce a RPD anatomical regression and, for this reason, may reduce the rate of progression of RPD to late AMD.
13-mag-2022
QUERQUES, GIUSEPPE
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF SUBTHRESHOLD LASER IN THE TREATMENT OF RETICULAR PSEUDODRUSEN SECONDARY TO AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION / Riccardo Sacconi , 2022 May 13. 34. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2020/2021.
Doctoral Thesis
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
TesiFinal_SacconiR.pdf

Open Access dal 14/05/2023

Descrizione: Tesi Sacconi Riccardo
Tipologia: Tesi di dottorato
Dimensione 43.71 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
43.71 MB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11768/133070
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus ND
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? ND
social impact