A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing a New D-Mannose-based Dietary Supplement to Placebo for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infections

Background: The rise in antimicrobial resistance means that alternative approaches for the treatment and prevention of urinary tract infection (UTIs) are required. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a D-mannose-based dietary supplement (D-mannose, citric acid, prebiotic fibers, Astragalus, and dandelion; DAPAD complex) for the treatment of uncomplicated acute E. coli UTIs. Design, setting, and participants: This was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from April 2021 to October 2021 in Rajalakshmi Hospital and Research Centre (Bangalore, India). The participants were nonmenopausal women with an acute uncomplicated E. coli UTI. UTI was diagnosed according to the presence of at least one urinary symptom and bacteriuria (>100 000 CFU/ml). Intervention: The DAPAD complex was administered twice a day for 5 d, with phenazopyridine and alkalizing agents as the standard of care (SOC). The control group received placebo with SOC. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Subjective (clinical resolution/response) and objective (midstream bacteriuria) outcomes were evaluated at the end of therapy (day 6) and at day 35 of follow-up. Adverse events were recorded. Categorical variables were analyzed using χ2 and Fisher's exact tests; a p value <0.05 was considered significant. Results and limitations: Seventy women were enrolled and equally randomized to the two groups. Clinical resolution was higher in the DAPAD group at 6 d (34.3% vs 0%; p < 0.0001) and 35 d from baseline (88.6% vs 20%, p < 0.0001). At day 35, no patients in the DAPAD group had moderate or severe symptoms, whereas 25.7% (nine/35) and 11.4% (four/35) of patients in the placebo group had moderate and severe symptoms, respectively. Bacteriological resolution was also higher in the DAPAD group at day 6 (85.7% vs 14.3%; p < 0.0001) and day 35 (100% vs 40%; p < 0.0001). Three mild adverse events (4.26%) unrelated to the investigated product were recorded, all of which were medically treated. Conclusions: The DAPAD complex dietary supplement is effective and safe for treatment of acute uncomplicated E. coli UTIs. Patient summary: Our results show that for nonmenopausal women with an uncomplicated Escherichia coli urinary tract infection, those treated with a dietary supplement (containing D-mannose, citric acid, prebiotic fibers, Astragalus, and dandelion) had a higher rate of clinical resolution or response than women who received a placebo.