Background: One out of ten newly diagnosed patients in Europe was infected with a virus carrying a drug resistant mutation. We analysed the patterns over time for transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) using data from the European Spread program.Methods: Clinical, epidemiological and virological data from 4317 patients newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection between 2002 and 2007 were analysed. Patients were enrolled using a pre-defined sampling strategy.Results: The overall prevalence of TDRM in this period was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1-9.8). Interestingly, significant changes over time in TDRM caused by the different drug classes were found. Whereas nucleoside resistance mutations remained constant at 5%, a significant decline in protease inhibitors resistance mutations was observed, from 3.9% in 2002 to 1.6% in 2007 (p = 0.001). In contrast, resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) doubled from 2.0% in 2002 to 4.1% in 2007 (p = 0.004) with 58% of viral strains carrying a K103N mutation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these temporal changes could not be explained by large clusters of TDRM.Conclusion: During the years 2002 to 2007 transmitted resistance to NNRTI has doubled to 4% in Europe. The frequent use of NNRTI in first-line regimens and the clinical impact of NNRTI mutations warrants continued monitoring. © 2014 Frentz et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Increase in transmitted resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections in Europe / Frentz, D.; Van de Vijver, D. A. M. C.; Abecasis, A. B.; Albert, J.; Hamouda, O.; Jorgensen, L. B.; Kucherer, C.; Struck, D.; Schmit, J. -C.; Vercauteren, J.; Asjo, B.; Balotta, C.; Beshkov, D.; Camacho, R. J.; Clotet, B.; Coughlan, S.; Griskevicius, A.; Grossman, Z.; Horban, A.; Kolupajeva, T.; Korn, K.; Kostrikis, L. G.; Liitsola, K.; Linka, M.; Nielsen, C.; Otelea, D.; Paraskevis, D.; Paredes, R.; Poljak, M.; Puchhammer-Stockl, E.; Sonnerborg, A.; Stanekova, D.; Stanojevic, M.; Van Wijngaerden, E.; Wensing, A. M. J.; Boucher, C. A. B.; Sarcletti, M.; Schmied, B.; Geit, M.; Balluch, G.; Vandamme, A. -M.; Vercauteren, J.; Derdelinckx, I.; Sasse, A.; Bogaert, M.; Ceunen, H.; De Roo, A.; De Wit, S.; Echahidi, F.; Fransen, K.; Goffard, J. -C.; Goubau, P.; Goudeseune, E.; Yombi, J. -C.; Lacor, P.; Liesnard, C.; Moutschen, M.; Pierard, D.; Rens, R.; Schrooten, Y.; Vaira, D.; Vandekerckhove, L. P. R.; Van den Heuvel, A.; Van Der Gucht, B.; Van Ranst, M.; Vandercam, B.; Vekemans, M.; Verhofstede, C.; Clumeck, N.; Van Laethem, K.; Demetriades, I.; Kousiappa, I.; Demetriou, V.; Hezka, J.; Bruckova, M.; Machala, L.; Jorgensen, L. B.; Gerstoft, J.; Mathiesen, L.; Pedersen, C.; Nielsen, H.; Laursen, A.; Kvinesdal, B.; Salminen, M.; Ristola, M.; Suni, J.; Sutinen, J.; Kucherer, C.; Berg, T.; Braun, P.; Poggensee, G.; Daumer, M.; Eberle, J.; Heiken, H.; Kaiser, R.; Knechten, H.; Muller, H.; Neifer, S.; Schmidt, B.; Walter, H.; Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B.; Harrer, T.; Hatzakis, A.; Magiorkinis, E.; Hatzitheodorou, E.; Haida, C.; Zavitsanou, A.; Magiorkinis, G.; Lazanas, M.; Chini, M.; Magafas, N.; Tsogas, N.; Paparizos, V.; Kourkounti, S.; Antoniadou, A.; Papadopoulos, A.; Panagopoulos, P.; Poulakou, G.; Sakka, V.; Chryssos, G.; Drimis, S.; Gargalianos, P.; Lelekis, M.; Chilomenos, G.; Psichogiou, M.; Daikos, G.; Panos, G.; Haratsis, G.; Kordossis, T.; Kontos, A.; Koratzanis, G.; Theodoridou, M.; Mostrou, G.; Spoulou, V.; De Gascun, C.; Byrne, C.; Duffy, M.; Bergin, C.; Reidy, D.; Farrell, G.; Lambert, J.; O'Connor, E.; Rochford, A.; Low, J.; Coakely, P.; O'Dea, S.; Hall, W.; Levi, I.; Chemtob, D.; Balotta, C.; Riva, C.; Mussini, C.; Caramma, I.; Capetti, A.; Colombo, M.; Rossi, C.; Prati, F.; Tramuto, F.; Vitale, F.; Ciccozzi, M.; Angarano, G.; Rezza, G.; Schmit, J.; Struck, D.; Hemmer, R.; Arendt, V.; Staub, T.; Schneider, F.; Roman, F.; van Kessel, A.; van Bentum, P. H. M.; Brinkman, K.; op de Coul, E. L.; van der Ende, M. E.; Hoepelman, I. M.; van Kasteren, M.; Juttmann, J.; Kuipers, M.; Langebeek, N.; Richter, C.; Santegoets, R.; Schrijnders-Gudde, L.; Schuurman, R.; van de Ven, B. J. M.; Asjo, B.; Ormaasen, V.; Aavitsland, P.; Stanczak, J. J.; Stanczak, G. P.; Firlag-Burkacka, E.; Wiercinska-Drapalo, A.; Jablonowska, E.; Malolepsza, E.; Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M.; Szata, W.; Palma, C.; Borges, F.; Paixao, T.; Duque, V.; Araujo, F.; Jevtovic, D.; Salemovic, D.; Habekova, M.; Mokras, M.; Truska, P.; Lunar, M.; Babic, D.; Tomazic, J.; Vidmar, L.; Vovko, T.; Karner, P.; Domingo, P.; Galindo, M. J.; Miralles, C.; del Pozo, M. A.; Ribera, E.; Iribarren, J. A.; Ruiz, L.; de la Torre, J.; Vidal, F.; Garcia, F.; Heidarian, A.; Aperia-Peipke, K.; Axelsson, M.; Mild, M.; Karlsson, A.; Thalme, A.; Naver, L.; Bratt, G.; Karlsson, A.; Blaxhult, A.; Gisslen, M.; Svennerholm, B.; Bergbrant, I.; Bjorkman, P.; Sall, C.; Mellgren, A.; Lindholm, A.; Kuylenstierna, N.; Montelius, R.; Azimi, F.; Johansson, B.; Carlsson, M.; Johansson, E.; Ljungberg, B.; Ekvall, H.; Strand, A.; Makitalo, S.; Oberg, S.; Holmblad, P.; Hofer, M.; Holmberg, H.; Josefson, P.; Ryding, U.. - In: BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES. - ISSN 1471-2334. - 14:1(2014). [10.1186/1471-2334-14-407]
Increase in transmitted resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections in Europe
Rezza G.;
2014-01-01
Abstract
Background: One out of ten newly diagnosed patients in Europe was infected with a virus carrying a drug resistant mutation. We analysed the patterns over time for transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) using data from the European Spread program.Methods: Clinical, epidemiological and virological data from 4317 patients newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection between 2002 and 2007 were analysed. Patients were enrolled using a pre-defined sampling strategy.Results: The overall prevalence of TDRM in this period was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1-9.8). Interestingly, significant changes over time in TDRM caused by the different drug classes were found. Whereas nucleoside resistance mutations remained constant at 5%, a significant decline in protease inhibitors resistance mutations was observed, from 3.9% in 2002 to 1.6% in 2007 (p = 0.001). In contrast, resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) doubled from 2.0% in 2002 to 4.1% in 2007 (p = 0.004) with 58% of viral strains carrying a K103N mutation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these temporal changes could not be explained by large clusters of TDRM.Conclusion: During the years 2002 to 2007 transmitted resistance to NNRTI has doubled to 4% in Europe. The frequent use of NNRTI in first-line regimens and the clinical impact of NNRTI mutations warrants continued monitoring. © 2014 Frentz et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.