[Urge urinary incontinence in women between 40 and 65 years: prevalence, quality of life, social impact, and costs]

BACKGROUND: urge urinary incontinence (UUI) is the involuntary loss of urine accompanied or immediately preceded by a sudden and strong desire to urinate that cannot be delayed or that is difficult to postpone. Data claim that UUI increases significantly from 40 to 65 years, which is why this specific age group, which has been little studied in the literature, deserves to be investigated. Moreover, they are socially active and working women who represent a social and economic resource for the country: therefore, their malaise is not only a personal problem, but also a problem for the society. OBJECTIVES: to investigate the prevalence, quality of life, social impact, and costs of urinary incontinence in women aged 40 to 65 years. METHODS: a narrative review of the literature was performed through the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Embase. The search string was processed using the PEO acronym. Source selection was conducted and reported according to the PRISMA flowchart, following the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 21 articles were included and analyzed in the review: 11 about the prevalence and 10 about quality of life, social impact, and costs. RESULTS: the prevalence of UUI varies according to the considered age group. In the 40-65-year age range, there is a progressive increase in the onset of UUI symptoms worldwide, with a prevalence of around one fifth of the female population. It also emerged that the quality of life of patients suffering from UUI is negatively affected: urine leakage is accompanied by feelings of embarrassment, frustration, and anxiety, which contribute to reduce the psychosocial, occupational and sexual activities of the affected patients, imposing high costs for the treatment, and management of the disorder and its comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: considering the wide prevalence of UUI in women aged 40-65 years and given the growth prospects of the phenomenon, it is important to increase the attention of women and health professionals regarding this disorder. In order to support the clinical practice with scientific evidence, it would be appropriate for future research to focus on the predictors of UUI and their prevention, too. The development of new educational and rehabilitative programmes is necessary to increase awareness, prevention, diagnosis, and UUI effective management.