Demographic factors and their relationship with the presence of CVI signs in Italy: The 24-cities cohort study

Background. Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a common progressive disease, the deterioration rate depending oil specific risk factors. Demographic characteristics associated with the prevalence of objective signs of CVI were evaluated in a cross-sectional population study in Italy. Methods. A sample of 5247 people selected by advertising in television and newspapers in 24 Italian cities underwent a clinical examination of the lower limbs, including colour-coded duplex ultrasonography, to determine the presence and severity of CVI. Of these, 4288 subjects provided demographic data that could be analysed by multiple logistic regression model using sex, age, region and family history as covariates. Results. Women were four or more times as likely as men to develop telangiectasia, whilst males had a two-fold increased risk of trunk varices. Age was the main risk factor for vein varicosis in the female population, with women aged over 50 years being almost five times as likely as those aged 29 or less to show trunk varices. Females living in the southern regions had a two-fold increase in risk of developing CVI signs and the risk increased by at least 1.3 times in multiparous women. A positive familial history of disease increased the risk for varicose veins. Conclusions. Demographic characters such as sex, advanced age, living in the southern regions, it timber of pregnancies and a family history of CVI were all contributing risk factors for the development of CVI in Italy.