Exploring and Mapping the Lived Experiences of Stigma Among People Living with a Mental Illness: A Scoping Review of Qualitative Studies

Abstract Introduction. Stigma affects a large proportion of people with mental health conditions and it can be a potent social stressor, presenting persistent challenges to individuals’ coping abilities. The present study aimed at mapping and exploring the direct experiences of stigma encountered by individuals with mental health conditions. Methods. A scoping review was conducted according to Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Searches of PubMed, PsycINFO, EmBASE, and CINAHL led to 18 eligible qualitative studies. Results. Four primary themes emerged: self-stigma, involving the internalization of societal stereotypes; descriptions of social and public stigma; lack of knowledge in mental illnesses’ course; and the consequences of stigma for individuals’ lives. Discussion. Results highlight the deeply negative and exclusionary impact of stigma surrounding mental disorders, outlining its manifestation and repercussions for social life. Future research is needed to identify a direct approach to the issue and to detect the most appropriate approaches in facing it. To help limiting the experience of stigma, healthcare providers should ensure an individualized care relationship, in a secure and empathetic environment filled with elements of understanding, consent and informativeness.