Modelli e strategie per l’implementazione delle evidence-based practices per infermieri in ambito clinico: una Scoping Review

ABSTRACT Introduction Evidence-Based Practice is essential for high-quality nursing decisions, yet fewer than 20 % of clinical choices are currently evidence-guided, hindered by organizational and cultural barriers. Aim This review seeks to map the models and strategies nurses use to implement evidence in clinical settings. Methods Following the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual of Evidence Synthesis and the PRISMA-ScR checklist, we performed a scoping review with no time limits and searching in MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PsycInfo, including studies in English, Italian, and Spanish. Two independent reviewers selected and critically appraised the included sources. Results The search yielded 1,326 records; six articles met the inclusion criteria and none achieved full methodological quality. Sixty-one implementation models were identified. Strategies were grouped into six categories: education, audit and feedback, tools, leadership, Advanced Practice Nurse and structure/organization. Education and leadership emerged as the most frequently adopted approaches. Leadership and the involvement of nursing management permeated all strategies as particularly useful elements. Conclusion The effectiveness of these strategies depends on contextual adaptation and the integration of multiple interventions. The contribution of social psychology, highlighted by Implementation Science for changing professional behaviours remains underexplored. Additional primary studies are needed to robustly characterise the models and assess the impact of the most promising strategies. Increased investment in education, Advanced Practice Nurse roles and nursing leadership could accelerate the uptake of evidence in clinical practice.