Structural Retinal Analysis in Toxoplasmic Retinochoroiditis: OCT Follow-Up with Three-Dimensional Reconstruction

Background: Ocular toxoplasmosis remains the leading cause of posterior uveitis worldwide. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides valuable insights into the structural alterations associated with this condition. The present study aimed to characterize the vitreous, retinal, and choroidal morphological changes observed during both the active and scarred stages of ocular toxoplasmosis using OCT imaging. A secondary objective was to evaluate the added value of three-dimensional reconstruction in the assessment of retinal lesions. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 12 eyes belonging to 12 patients diagnosed with toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis (TRC). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans centered on the active lesions were qualitatively analyzed at baseline and follow-up. Additionally, a ResUNet model was trained to generate a full volumetric reconstruction of the retinochoroidal lesions in selected cases. Results: Twelve eyes were analyzed at a mean of 16.2 days from symptom onset. The mean follow-up duration was 144 days (range: 12–490 days). OCT imaging revealed characteristic alterations in the retina, choroid, and vitreous body, which were documented both at baseline and at follow-up. Representative cases were selected for three-dimensional reconstruction to illustrate the extent of retinal architectural involvement. Conclusions: OCT analysis refines our understanding of the structural damage associated with ocular toxoplasmosis, while three-dimensional reconstruction enhances our ability to visualize and interpret these alterations on a larger scale.