Mandatory treatment: from expected effectiveness to precision criminology

Recent legislative reforms in Italy have substantially reshaped the scope of evaluative and treatment interventions within the criminological field. One particularly significant change, which is of direct relevance here, can be summarized as follows: criminological assessments are now conducted before a conviction is issued, and individuals responsible for gender­based violence are required to undergo mandatory treatment as a prerequisite for accessing certain legal benefits. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the introduction of mandatory treatment and its practical and professional implications, highlighting the growing need for a more “precision” criminology.