Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) is increasingly used as effective graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation (allo-HCT). However, PTCY is associated with toxicities. Whether patients with specific comorbidities are more vulnerable to cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity is unclear. We retrospectively evaluated the impact of individual organ dysfunctions for non-relapse mortality (NRM) risk and overall survival (OS) among 5888 adults who underwent PTCY-based allo-HCT for acute myeloid leukemia between 2010 and 2023. In multivariable analyses 5 of the comorbidities (renal, moderate/severe hepatic, cardiac including arrhythmia/valvular disease, severe pulmonary, infection) were independently associated with adverse NRM and OS without influencing relapse rate. A simplified model using the absence (n = 4390), presence of 1 (n = 1229) or presence of 2 or 3 (n = 269) of the comorbidities which were determined individually to contribute to NRM stratified patients into 3 NRM risk (16.2% vs. 21.6% vs. 36%, retrospectively) and OS categories (64% vs. 56% vs. 36.4%, retrospectively). In Cox model, recipients with 2 or 3 comorbidities had an increased hazard ratio for NRM of 2.38 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.89–3) and for OS of 1.96 (95% CI 1.64–2.33). Whether patients with concomitant diagnoses, as determined here, may benefit from a reduced PTCY dose remains to be evaluated in prospective clinical trials.
The impact of individual comorbidities in transplant recipients receiving post-transplant cyclophosphamide / Spyridonidis, A., Labopin, M., Savani, B.P., Kulagin, A., Blaise, D., Broers, A.E.C., Sica, S., Raiola, A.M., Vydra, J., Choi, G., Rovira, M., Kwon, M., Sanz, J., Itala-Remes, M., Von Dem Borne, P., Esquirol, A., Koc, Y., Brissot, E., Nagler, A., Mohty, M., et al.. - In: BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION. - ISSN 0268-3369. - 60:4(2025), pp. 499-506. [10.1038/s41409-025-02514-4]
The impact of individual comorbidities in transplant recipients receiving post-transplant cyclophosphamide
Ciceri F.
2025-01-01
Abstract
Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) is increasingly used as effective graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation (allo-HCT). However, PTCY is associated with toxicities. Whether patients with specific comorbidities are more vulnerable to cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity is unclear. We retrospectively evaluated the impact of individual organ dysfunctions for non-relapse mortality (NRM) risk and overall survival (OS) among 5888 adults who underwent PTCY-based allo-HCT for acute myeloid leukemia between 2010 and 2023. In multivariable analyses 5 of the comorbidities (renal, moderate/severe hepatic, cardiac including arrhythmia/valvular disease, severe pulmonary, infection) were independently associated with adverse NRM and OS without influencing relapse rate. A simplified model using the absence (n = 4390), presence of 1 (n = 1229) or presence of 2 or 3 (n = 269) of the comorbidities which were determined individually to contribute to NRM stratified patients into 3 NRM risk (16.2% vs. 21.6% vs. 36%, retrospectively) and OS categories (64% vs. 56% vs. 36.4%, retrospectively). In Cox model, recipients with 2 or 3 comorbidities had an increased hazard ratio for NRM of 2.38 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.89–3) and for OS of 1.96 (95% CI 1.64–2.33). Whether patients with concomitant diagnoses, as determined here, may benefit from a reduced PTCY dose remains to be evaluated in prospective clinical trials.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
