Challenges and future directions for multiple sclerosis after the 2024 McDonald diagnostic criteria

Oh, J.; Barkhof, F.; Bar-Or, A.; Ciccarrelli, O.; Coetzee, T.; Filippi, M.; Granziera, C.; Hacohen, Y.; Hemmer, B.; Kantarci, O. H.; Kim, H. J.; Lebrun-Frenay, C.; Montalban, X.; Mowry, E.; Ontaneda, D.; Prat, A.; Reich, D. S.; Rovira, A.; Sati, P.; Siva, A.; Solomon, A. J.; Sormani, M. P.; Stankoff, B.; Thompson, A.; Tintore, M.; Traboulsee, A.; Van Der Walt, A.; Wiendl, H.; Calabresi, P. A.

doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04490-8

The 2024 revision of the McDonald diagnostic criteria is an important step toward earlier and more inclusive diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Realizing its full potential will require continued refinement of biomarkers, disease stratification and clinical trial approaches.

Challenges and future directions for multiple sclerosis after the 2024 McDonald diagnostic criteria / Oh, J., Barkhof, F., Bar-Or, A., Ciccarrelli, O., Coetzee, T., Filippi, M., Granziera, C., Hacohen, Y., Hemmer, B., Kantarci, O.H., Kim, H.J., Lebrun-Frenay, C., Montalban, X., Mowry, E., Ontaneda, D., Prat, A., Reich, D.S., Rovira, A., Sati, P., Siva, A., et al.. - In: NATURE MEDICINE. - ISSN 1078-8956. - 32:9(2026), pp. 3115-3119. [10.1038/s41591-026-04490-8]