Relation between CD4 cell counts and HIV RNA levels at onset of opportunistic infections

Objective: To evaluate the relation between CD4 and HIV RNA levels at the onset of specific opportunistic infections (OIs) in HIV-infected patients. Design and Methods: The OIs occurring between June 1996 and December 1998 were retrospectively reviewed, considering only the episodes of major and miner OIs in patients with simultaneously available CD4 and plasma HIV RNA determinations before clinical onset who had been untreated or on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 2 months. Results: Two hundred seventy-four episodes of different OIs were considered in 216 patients; the median CD4 count was 35 cells/mm(3) (range: 0-1154 cells/mm(3)), and the median HIV RNA count was 5.1 log cp/mL (range: <1.9-6.7 log copies/ml). The different HN RNA levels were significantly associated with different OIs regardless of CD4 and ART (p < .0001), even when only those occurring in patients with a CD4 count of less than or equal to 50 cells/mm(3) were considered (p = .0049). Kaposi sarcoma, esophageal candidiasis, oropharyngeal candidiasis, and Mycobacterium avium complex disease were associated with significantly above-average median HIV RNA levels, and varicella-zoster virus infection was associated with below-average levels. Conclusions: Different OIs are associated at their onset with significantly different HN RNA levels, regardless of CD4 cell counts and ART.