Arrhythmias in Myocarditis: State of the Art

Many kinds of arrhythmias may occur in patients with myocarditis at any stage of the disease. However, as compared to the other clinical presentations, arrhythmic myocarditis has been poorly described so far in the literature. In fact, arrhythmias occurring in either ongoing or previous myocardial inflammation are complex and heterogeneous, and the disease itself is often underdiagnosed, thus limiting data collection and interpretation. However, differently from the other clinical presenations, arrhythmic myocarditis require specific diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic considerations. The aim of the current paper is to critically summarize the state of the art on myocarditis presenting with arrhythmias in terms of epidemiology, aetiology, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.